Controversial Issues in Entertainment - 1283 Words

In today’s world which is full of controversial topics or issue which can be found in the mass media. This does continue towards the future for the timeline of any controversial issue during the history and for the public changed in time. The media does present the topic for the public. There is many portrayal of the subject which can demonize a topic so the mindset of the people is listening to the presentation of any story. This controversial topic which has the bias from this is the Freedom of Speech, African-American rights, women’s rights, racism, and specifically In God We Trust vs. the Freedom of Religion in America. These are from the previous years with the ethical issues which are the war, the same sex-marriages, and the†¦show more content†¦The economists call these perverse incentives because they try too hard to make it exist for the scientific consensus. The United Nations have the resource for the activists through these mechanisms for the direct orates of the committees and the NGOs (Bottum Anderson, 2011).Giaever has stated when the first victims who were in the battles between the crossways from the politics can go out the window because of these incentives. Giaever didn’t know this was all unknown because of the ice ages can take into all consideration which has made the climate an remainder in the time of history in the world to this day covered in ice. All of these sides do have points in the controversial debates can happen over time. Even though Farley had the explanation for the global warming of how it worked and the evidence when the temperature increased. Giaever finds the truthful facts in global warming for several thousand years instead of millions of years. When the planet been existent which does not have the full accurate description, this will bring additional incentives to give the information if it is factual or not. An example from Al Gore the previous vice president, who took the production from the large scale movie called â€Å"The Inconvenient Truth† this movie, portrayed the global warming because it has accolades the Oscars Academy Award and the humanitarian award. The movies has grossedShow MoreRelatedJuno - A Positive or Negative Affect on Teenagers? Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesremarkable change of her surrounding life in family and school. As the movie received numerous positive feedbacks, but th e movie also portrays controversial issues such as rational decision of pro-life vs. pro-choice, consequence of unprotected sexual relationship of teens, and reality of parents’ reaction. The initial purpose of the film is purely in terms of entertainment for teenagers and the family members to wonder what they will do, if a similar circumstance arises. Whether, there was a hidden messageRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 : Satire Of Censorship982 Words   |  4 Pagesto expose to the masses. Due to the idea of hiding some issues from the masses, much important information and the truth is hidden from the society. This paper will discuss how people use censorship to omit to expose all the information that dissatisfy them. The thesis statement is that, in the novel, Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury has highlighted different issues, but the most controversial issue is the oppressing social media about entertainment, technology, minds and culture that uses censorship to leaveRead More Ethical Judgements Limit the Methods Available1400 Words   |  6 Pagesvalues and they affect how people should or should not act (Dombrowski, 2007). Even though some may say that ethical judgments vary by subject, location and time, but all ethical judgments have to be by conscious choices. Therefore, as a knowledge issue I will discuss: to what extent are we limiting ourselves from gaining knowledge with the judgements we have made? Art is different from the natural sciences because we know and gain knowledge mostly through sense perception, language and emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Rodman Sterling 886 Words   |  4 PagesEmmy awards and became one of the best things to happen to television (PBS). Sterling’s playwright ability enabled him to bring quality entertainment to Americans in a media infected with mediocrity. Knowing Sterling’s motivation to use the Twilight Zone as a social commentary enables a more in-depth understanding of his use of ingenuity to sneak in controversial themes into a fantastical world. Sterling’s influence helped writers in television to fight for a place where they could flourish in theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On American Culture777 Words   |  4 Pagestoday without mass media? The world has evolved so much. From the written era all the way to the digital era, communication has changed so much. For instance, when the radio was invented it changed the way the news was communicated and provided entertainment. The television came soon after that providing news to watch and sitcoms to laugh at. Mass media has provided so many great changes that impact our lives every day. In the past century, there have been many different developments of mass mediaRead MoreYoutube : A Sustainable Business Model921 Words   |  4 Pagescampaigns, click-to-buy ads, and branded channels. Google has not released the numbers for the profits YouTube is generating. Many critics do not believe that YouTube is a sustainable business model, but it is definitely changing the way we consume entertainment. Discussion Questions YouTube’s business model is based off of advertisements. Each YouTube channel’s statistics on subscribers and video views are recorded. The most popular channels are given the opportunity to become YouTube Partners, whichRead MoreTaboos And Sensitive Issues Of Comedy1559 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1110.01 23 October 2017 Comedy is the best way to discuss sensitive issues in U.S. According to research conducted in his book Taboo Comedy on Television: Issues and Themes (Bucaria 2016), over the last few years, comedies have become a main character of television programming. Also, more and more comedians are using controversial and embarrassing issues as their comedies’ topic. For example, recently, Louis C.K. discussed different opinions and illustrate his point of view about abortionRead MoreThe Medias Dumber Democracy Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesFor the average American there is no escape from mass media. It can be found within our news papers, movies, television and internet, which account for most of our news and entertainment source. In Michael Parentis book, Make Believe Media, the Politics of Entertainment, Parenti attests that this mass media clouds our societys perception of reality by propagating prefabricated images that create and validate a superficial ideological world. Unfortunately, people are denied the opportunity toRead MoreThe Reality Of Television Entertainment1572 Words   |  7 PagesReality T.V. is defined as a genre of television entertainment that portrays real-life situations that serves to entertain rather than inform. One of the first reality T.V. shows to air was the Dutch, series Nummer 28, in which 7 students were put together in one house and their everyday interactions between each other were documented. A few years later, shows such as Survivor and Big Brother swept the nation and the radical new idea of Reality T.V. became the next big thing. During its infancyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Video Games1342 Words   |  6 Pagesvideo games were first made available to consumers and brought into homes it was to serve the purpose of entertainment. Video games could be dangerous but they could also be very educational. This research paper will explore the history, controversial aspect, people involved and possible solutions of the dangers of video games. History of the Topic Video games have not always been an issue but as it got further and more advanced it has put different effects on some children/teens life or their

Essay on The Founders and Religious Freedom - 2008 Words

James Madison and Thomas Jefferson are two of the seven key founding fathers of the United States. The motive of the founders of the U.S. was to establish religious freedom in the colonies; therefore, religion was of importance to them. When the policy of the separation of church and state was enacted by the founding fathers through the Constitution, it meant that under a secular government, religious freedom would always be protected. Issues such as the freedom to practice one’s religion arose in the earlier colonies and the separation of church and states prevents these issues from occurring again. The separation of church and state protects the rights of all and ensures religious freedom. This policy has proven to be nothing but a†¦show more content†¦Not only did James Madison have views on the importance of religion but he was an adamant believer of the separation of church and state. Madison stated that breaking the ties between church and state would cause a gr owth in religious interest. He wrote about this in 1819 stating that â€Å"the number, the industry, and the morality of the priesthood and the devotion of the people have been manifestly increased by the total separation of the church from the state.† Thomas Jefferson shared this belief with Madison in his wall of separation between religion and government which is a fortification of liberty. He strongly supported the freedom of religion in America through the separation of church and state. â€Å"The phrase wall of separation between the church and the state was originally coined by Thomas Jefferson in a letter to the Danbury Baptists in 1802.† The purpose of the letter was to ease fears of the wall that the Danbury, Connecticut Baptists had. Jefferson said in his letter that the wall had been built to protect them. This was used to keep the state out of the church’s business. During pre-Revolutionary America there were efforts made to attain not only polit ical liberty but also religious freedom. The booming dissenting churches in Virginia had presented several pleas against religious discrimination to the Virginia House of Burgesses in the 1750s and 1706s. Some of Virginia’s statesmen and politicians included James Madison and ThomasShow MoreRelatedEssay about a christian nation802 Words   |  4 Pages There are many different opinions regarding the idea that the United States is a Christian nation. After reading the Church book, however, I believe it is obvious that our country was not in fact founded on Christianity. Even though many religious right groups insist our laws should enforce the doctrines of Protestant Christianity. The documents written by our founding fathers say otherwise. The U.S. Constitution has no mention of Christianity or Jesus Christ, and is evidence within itself thatRead MoreWhat is Religion?1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn other words the constitution and religion are not connected. The founder fathe rs meant when talking about â€Å"freedom of Religion,† is that the state and church are separate; because people saw the church as mass control, people were also affected by the English’s monarchies and lastly the Americans and the founder fathers view the constitution as religion book itself. Religion and the constitution are separate; when the founder fathers came up with this theory concerned with the church. The churchRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State1446 Words   |  6 Pageschurch and state is a political and legal doctrine which states that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from one another. Ideally, the church should not influence the decisions made by rule of law and how a government functions. This idea refers to the secular state, which is understood as the combination of two principles, secularity of government and freedom of religious practice. Beliefs on the proper relationship between religion and government coverRead MoreThe Religious Beliefs Of America1445 Words   |  6 Pagesbook, The Religious Beliefs of America’s Founders, Gregg Frazer attempts to break apart the debate going on today about whether or not the founding fathers were Christian. In the preface of the book, Frazer states, â€Å"I want to force extremists on the Left and Right to make a case for their vision†¦ this book is an attempt to allow [the Founders] to defend themselves through the written record of their words.† In his book, Frazer makes arguments that eight of the most prominent Founders were not ChristianRead MoreFreedom Of Religion And Religion896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Our country s founders who were of different religious backgrounds themselves knew the best way to protect religious liberty was to keep the government out of religion. So they created the First Amendment to guarantee the separation of church and state. This fundamental freedom is a major reason why the U.S. has managed to avoid a lot of the religious conflicts that have torn so many other nations apart† (n.d.). The American Constitution refers to religious freedom as being able to practice theRead MoreThe United States As A Christian Nation1277 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help me God.† It’s true that the Founders were heavily influenced by Christian ideals. And while the U.S. Constitution prohibits any religious test or requirement for public office, the majority of U.S. presidents have been openly Christian. Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, two of our most famous presidents, however had no formal religious affiliations. Jefferson shunned orthodox Christianity at an early age and cut and pasted togetherRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesthe First Amendment. However due to this inaccurate assumption, those involved in a religious activities in public settings have been victims towards brutality and minor religious persecution. The rampant influx of religious brutality in society, especially towards employees of various professions, has brought the first amendment under flame as society is beginning to question the true validity in the idea of â€Å"freedom of reli gion†. Our Founding Fathers are mostly known for their pursuit towards lifeRead MoreDifferences between New England and the Chesapeake Regions Essay803 Words   |  4 Pagespurposes. Whether the founders of this land was to make a profit, farm more land, or seek religious freedom, they did it to please their own intentions. There were many differences between the two regions, however two main places where they were opposites, were their lifestyle and their religion. New England is composed of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. The founders of this region were families with many children (Document B).They sought religious freedom and a place to worshipRead MoreSeparation Of Church And State Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesno law about our religious beliefs, or prohibiting our free exercise of religion† If we put our faith in the constitution to define the founding father’s standpoint of separation of church and state, then we have definitely misinterpreted their stance on religion. Many people believe the reference to separation of church and state is in the original constitution, but the truth is, the references, often conceptualized and misinterpreted as intertwining with our religious freedom, but that is not theRead MoreComparing The Declaration Of Independence, And U.s. Constitution885 Words   |  4 Pagesrights, which among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The Founders’ o f the New World understood that their pursuit of liberties and autonomy specified in the Declaration of Independence could not come to fruition without instituting decrees. In 1787, the U.S. Constitution, was written to replace the Articles of Confederation with a better defined series of stringent laws that would legally uphold the freedoms and privileges established in the Declaration of Independence. The First

Children’s Health Fund Free Essays

CHF began as an idea and then evolved into a large program. Dr. Redlener wanted to be part of the healthcare solution, not contributing to the problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Children’s Health Fund or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin and Perkins, 2012). Delivering medical care to rural areas, working earthquake relief and other noteworthy deeds made Dr. Redlener realize that with some support he could help the under privileged. (Brown, et. al, 2012). After reading the case study, I realized that mobile medical clinics will always be needed. I have worked Hurricane cleanup and know that mobile food trucks, mobile Laundromats, showers and medical care is needed immediately. Mobile medical units would give volunteers the equipment needed to treat people in need during natural disasters and to the under privilaged. At the same time mobile medical clinics could be used to assist in the growing AIDS epidemic, early detection of breast cancer, teen pregnancy, drug addiction, and assist in the number one health problem in the United States, obesity. Challenges facing CHF is how to provide expert medical care to under privileged individuals living in rural areas, homeless shelters, and poverty stricken areas. These challenges include continuation of funding, access to accurate patient medical records, limitations in telecommunications networks and medical databases, and healthcare providers. So what is the solution to getting expert medical care to the under privileged? More mobile medical clinics and stationary clinics located within the needed areas? However, then we encounter the issue of cost. I see the solution as having medical students serve part of their residency or their training by assisting in the mobile medical clinics. If this was part of their training, then CHF cut their budget by not having to pay for all the provider services. An advantage is free labor, but a disadvantage is they are not fully trained, which could be detrimental to the cause. Retired doctors and nurses who want to work a few days a week would be a great asset while letting them keep up their skills. The risks that I see with either of these solutions is that the interns have not completed their training and the older group may not be as techno savvy as they need to complete the tasks. Allocations from the government would help with some of the financial aspects. The rest would have to come from private donations. However, the implementation of state and federal legislation will bring medical coverage to an additional 30 million uninsured Americans. I don’t believe that private donations and federal and state funding will cover all the under privileged we currently have and then to add an additional 30 million will only add to the burden of funding. Our government is cutting the budget currently, so any money from state or federal funding may not last for long. The Affordable Care Act is changing the way health care is paid. Hospitals will have to embrace innovation to cut costs and deliver quality medical care. Hospitals, clinics, and doctors need to work together with the public to advocate needed changes in respect to reimbursements and privacy issues. I believe that the new HITECH regulations will provide the accurate patient files that are needed to provide the best care possible. Innovations in technology will soon solve the problems with limitations in telecommunications networks. Embracing new technology will allow providers access to patient records and accurate accounting of current treatments. Taking the time to learn all this new technology may be challenging at first but will reward both providers and patients as time passes. Currently the government has been granting hospitals and clinics millions of dollars to upgrade existing medical technology and IT programs. A central database will reduce duplication of patient’s records, treatments, billing and other medical services. Security is the biggest disadvantage that has Americans worrying about who will be allowed to see their medical history. I don’t feel this is any more insecure than banking online or purchasing merchandise. Databases from the federal government to credit card companies have been hacked. We just have to believe that our information will be safeguarded. Are there newer more affordable network communications solutions that should be tried? Cloud computing, social networks and big data analytics are innovations that can help network communications now by lowering cost, improving outcomes and increasing access to medical care. (mHealth, 2012). Watch any commercial and you will see that technology innovations are growing by leaps and bounds. No sooner do you purchase a Smartphone or computer when something ewer comes out. Medical residents who use new technology, such as tablets are more efficient, they save about an hour a day and treatments and prescriptions are ordered earlier. (Hyek, n. d. ). The use of mobile devices to access medical records, check real-time vital signs or test results translates into direct improvement in treatment and outcomes. (mHealth, 2012). The invention and innov ation of faster, cheaper, portable, and more powerful computers make it an affordable solution to communications. Physicians on call can receive images and start the treatment before they arrive at the hospital. The time saved using portable devices will make hospital staffs more efficient, treatment quicker, and save lives. CHF should upgrade their systems with portable devices that are smaller, faster and works in remote areas. Will the federal government’s HITECH stimulus funds and Meaningful Use standards lead to better software integration solutions? Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Ace (HITECH) is a government program established to advance the use of health information technology to save lives and reduce costs. (Blumenthal, 2010). The HITECH stimulus will definitely lead to better software. Incentive bonuses are being provided to providers who meet the â€Å"meaningful use† of electronic health records (EHR) adoption. (Blumenthal, 2010). Medical practices of the future will have to use EHR to stay in practice. Providers currently have their own systems of electronic health records but they are not connected to other providers, clinics or hospitals. As a military Soldier our medical history is linked. We still hand carry our medical records from duty station to duty station, but the system will allow my current doctor to see tests and reports from my last duty assignment. The problem is that if I’m sent to a civilian medical facility for additional tests, it is not entered into our system and I have to request paper copies of the documents. It will take some time but I do believe that HITECH will eventually evolve into a nationwide program that will link all patient data. This will ensure that patients are no longer over medicated or jumping from doctor to doctor to get their next fix of prescription drugs. A National Health Information Network (NHIN) is being developed to facilitate the exchange of health information among EHRs. HITECH is a complex health information system for the 21st-century but will continue to evolve as it is implemented, but will require the support and patience of providers and patients to be successful. (Blumenthal, 2010). â€Å"The HITECH Act’s programs strive to create an electronic circulatory system for health information that nourishes the practice of medicine, research, and public health, making health care professionals better at what they do and the American people healthier. † (Blumenthal, 2010, para 17). Will the increase in software adoptions at physician offices make it more difficult for him to retain his staff? I believe that the increase of software adoptions will make it difficult for doctors to retain their staff. The military has become much computerized, what use to take several clerks to handle can now be completed by one clerk. Yes, we got rid of some clerks but had to train Soldiers in information technology to resolve issues and problems. Providers will need less staff to schedule, change or cancel appointments, but will need to hire employees proficient in computers. Each employee will experience different views on implementing new technology. . (Rivers, Blake, Lindgren n. d. ). Some will welcome the changes as a way to acquire additional knowledge, while others may see this as an intrusion into their routine. (Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). Providers will be able to electronically transmit prescriptions from their desk to the pharmacy. Technology can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of patient care. Wireless headsets allow nurses to answer phones no matter where they are. My dad is receiving in home health care and they bring a laptop to chart his progress, once back at their office, they send the chart to the doctor, which is saving valuable time. Providers use technology daily in the form of personal data assistants (PDAs), tablets, and Smartphone’s. (Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). These devices eradicate duplicate charting, test for drug interactions, compute dosages, schedule procedures, order medicine and computerize other clinical duties, therefore reducing the possibility of errors and increasing patient wellbeing. Rivers, et. al, n. d. ). What combination of conditions could emerge that render the mobile medical clinic model obsolete? The biggest thing that could render mobile medical clinics obsolete is the use of mobile networks to enhance healthcare (mHealth). Help from technology megatrends, such as social networking, cloud computing and big data analytics will transform global health care. (mHealth, 2012). â€Å"The evolving mHealth vis ion is patient-centric but with information services and data analytics at its core. † (mHealth, 2012, P. 7, para 2). Mobile phone applications will have the ability to collect, store, analyze and upload environmental and personal data to healthcare providers to assist in illness prevention and treatment. (FREng, Sherrington, Dicks, Gray, and Chang, 2011). mHealth would allow patients to be monitored from home to avoid hospital or residential stays which might lower health costs. (FREng, et. al, 2011). The increased awareness and attention to prevention, education, and wellness will produce patients with fewer medical issues and knowledge of their medical history. Mobile networks are continually upgrading their data capacity which includes high-resolution images, video and large file exchanges. (FREng, et. al, 2011). We use our smart phones for banking, trading stocks, finding the cheapest gas, and now we want to make doctor appointments, pay the doctors bill and access our medical records. In 2011, over 44 million health-related medical applications were downloaded. (Hyek, 2012. ). Smart mobility is now enabling patients to control our electronic medical records while incorporating wellness and fitness applications into our lifestyle. (mHealth, 2012). How to cite Children’s Health Fund, Papers

Contract Law Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd - Free Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about theContract Law for Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction As a result of the facts that have been provided in this question, it needs to be decided if the promise made by Richard's father, according to which he was going to pay $200 per week to Richard can be enforced in a court of law. This issue can be determined by considering if the essential elements that are required for creating a valid contract are present in this case, including the intention of the parties to form a legal relationship. The position under the contract law is that the presence of certain elements is essential in order to create a valid contract. In this context, a valid contract can be described as an agreement that can be enforced by the law. These elements include offer, acceptance, lawful consideration and at the same time, it is required that the parties should have the intention that they should form a legal relationship. It is one of the essential elements, that is necessary for forming a valid contract that such intention to the present one part of the parties to the agreement. This requirement has been introduced so that it can be established that the parties intended to accept the legal consequences of entering into the agreement. Therefore in such cases, according to the law of contract, the evidence regarding the intention of the parties to enter into a legal relationship is generally demonstrated by establishing that consideration is present (Atiyah, 2000). The result is that if a particu lar thing has been specified by the promisor as the price that has to be paid in return of the promise, under the contract, generally it can be said that it was the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the promise. However, it needs to be mentioned in this regard that the requirement to establish the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the agreement is an independent requirement. As a result this element needs to be established separately. Consequently, in some cases it is possible that although consideration is present however, it cannot be concluded that it was also the intention of the parties to be legally bound by the agreement. In this way, the court has to adopt an objective approach when it has to decide the question if the parties had the intention of being legally bound by the contract (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). In such cases, the law contract provides that when this issue has to be decided by the courts, there are certain presumptions that are applicable in case of different types of contracts. Therefore, when the agreement between the parties is a social or a domestic agreement, the presumption is present according to which, the parties did not have the intention of entering into legal relations (Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd., 1989). As against this position, when a particular agreement has been created by the parties in context of trade or commerce, a presumption exists that this intention was present on the part of the parties to the agreement. Recently in some decisions, it has been mentioned by the High Court of Australia that this presumption cannot be used to deal with the issue of the intention of the parties. Consequently, in each case, it has to be established that the parties had the intention of forming legal relations without the help of these presumpt ions (Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc., 2002). However, in case of domestic family arrangements, it can be presumed that the parties did not have the intention of entering into legal relations, at least when these parties have harmonious relations. The result is that in case of domestic family arrangements, it is not very easy to prove that it was intention of the parties that they should form legal relations for example in Balfour v Balfour (1919). Similarly the facts of Jones v Padavatton (1969) can also be applied to the present case. In this case also, it was the decision of the court that a presumption is present in this case according to which, the parties did not have the intention that the family arrangement, that was based on good faith, should be enforceable in a court of law. In this case, Mrs Padavatton was working in Washington when her mother, Mrs. Jones wanted her to go to London to study at the bar. While at the beginning, Mrs Padavatton was not willing to leave her job but later on she agreed. Mrs. Jones wanted that after completing her study, she should join her legal practice in Trinidad. Under these circumstances, Mrs. Padavatton went to London and started her study. On the other hand, Mrs. Jones started to pay an allowance to her but the allowance proved to be insufficient and she had lived in a single room along with her son. Later on, Mrs. Jones purchased a large house so that her daughter can live comfortably and at the same time, the rent from other rooms can be used by her as the maintenance. But when Mrs. Padavatton could not complete her studies and moreover, he also married someone, Mrs. Jones wanted the possession of the house. On the other hand, Mrs. Padavatton tried to enforce the contract under the law. But the court arrived at the c onclusion that the arrangement between the mother and daughter was domestic in nature and therefore it can be presumed that it was not intended to be enforced by the law. Similarly in this case also, it has to be seen if the promise according to which Richard's father had agreed to pay $200 per week to Richard if he mowed the front and back yards of the property. It also needs to be mentioned at this point that Richard's father had been paying $350 to a garden contractor for the upkeep of the family's property. Later on Richard's father declined to pay the above said amount, and said that as a member of the family it was the responsibility of Richard to look after their property. Richard's father also said that due to the reason that Richard got free board and lodging, Richard should do the work for free. In this case, it is a family arrangement between father and son and as a result can be presumed that the parties are not have the intention of entering into legal relations. As there is no evidence presented by this presumption, it can be said that which it cannot legally enforce the promise made by his father. In his question, Frere Bros have entered into an agreement with the famous film star Joe. According to this contract, Joe agreed to work only in the films being made by Frere Bros during the period of the contract. Although this contract was for five years, in the first year of the contract itself, Joe agreed to work in the film that was being made by Pretty Pictures. Now, Frere Bros. want to know if any remedies are available to them as a result of the breach of contract that Joe is going to commit. In this context, the law contract provides certain remedies to a party to the contract if a breach of contract has taken place on part of the other party. Therefore the main remedies that are available under the contract law to the innocent party include remedies of damages, intention and specific performance. However the remedy of damages can be claimed by the innocent party in case of a breach of contract as a matter of right but remedies of specific performance and specific performance can be granted only at the discretion of the court (Collins, 2003). The result is that whenever there is a breach of contract, and the innocent party has suffered a loss or injury as a result of such grief, the party can claim damages as a matter of right. In this regard, he needs to be mentioned that the damages awarded by the court can be substantial or nominal. The nominal damages awarded by the court when the innocent party has not suffered any significant loss due to the breach of contract (McK endrick, 2009). But when the innocent party has suffered a substantial loss or injury, the court may decide to the substantial damages as the monetary damages. However, substantial damages can be claimed by the innocent party if such a party is in a position to establish that the loss suffered innocent party was the result of such a breach. At the same time, a defense is available to the other party which may claim that reasonable steps are not taken by the innocent party to mitigate the loss. Apart from the remedy of damages, in some cases, the court may also decide to what the remedy of specific performance. At this point it is worth mentioning that it is the discretion of the court to grant the remedy of specific performance. However when the relief of specific performance has been granted by the court, an order is made by the court according to which the other party has to perform its obligations that it was required to perform under the contract. Likewise, the court orders the grant of the remedy of specific performance generally in cases where adequate relief may not be provided by an order of damages. An example of such a situation can be given of the case where the contract has a unique subject matter (Falcke v Gray, 1859). Due to the reason if a replacement can be found of the subject matter of the contract, even if it may take a long time, generally the relief of specific performance will not be awarded by the courts. According to the common law rules that are related with the relief of specific performance, this release will not be awarded by the courts if constant supervision of the court may be required for a considerable period or if the obligations of the parties and the contract have not been mentioned clearly. Hence in Co-op Insurance v Argyll Stores (1997), it was the decision of the court that an order of specific performance cannot be made according to which the shop should be kept open during the normal business hours because it will require constant supervision from the court in order to enforce the order. Apart from these two remedies, in some cases the court may decide to grant an injunction that there has been a breach of contract. However like the media specific performance, an injunction is also an equitable remedy. Consequently, it is the discretion of the court to grant this remedy or not in a particular case. However the court may decide to grant the remedy of injunction only if adequate relief will not be provided to the innocent party by an order of damages for the purpose of compensating the innocent party as in such case, the innocent party wants to prevent the defendant from breaching its contractual obligation (Peel and Treitel, 2011). Therefore in such cases, the court may grant prohibitory injunction or it may order a mandatory injunction. For the purpose of deciding if an injunction should be granted in a particular case, there are certain factors that have to be considered by the court. These factors are the same that need to be considered before making an order of sp ecific performance. For this purpose, the test of balance of convenience is used by the courts. In this test, the court considers it the benefit provided to the injured party outweighs the detriment that will be suffered by the other party. In this way, the contract law provides that an injunction will not be granted by the court if it will result in compelling the other party to do something that cannot be asked to do by a decree of specific performance. On the other hand, if there is an emergency involved, the court may grant an interim injunction according to which the other party will be restrained from acting. Therefore in the present case also, the most adequately remedy that may be claimed by Frere Bros will be the remedy of injunction. According to this remedy, Joe can be prevented from breaching the contract and acting in the film of Pretty Pictures. References Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Collins, H. 2003, Contract Law in Context 4th edn CUP McKendrick, E. 2009 Contract Law 8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel, G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract, 13th edn Sweet and Maxwell Case Law Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd. Supreme Court of New South Wales [1989] 2 NSWLR 309 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571) Co-op Insurance v Argyll Stores ([1997] 3 All ER 297 Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc (2002) 209 CLR 95 Falcke v Gray ([1859] 4 Drew 651 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 2 All ER 616